What tense should I use in an essay?

NickWood

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Mar 10, 2026
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In Japanese, we don't have past and present like English. Everything is... time is different. My professor writes on my paper: "tense change" and "inconsistent." I don't see the problem! 😭

For literature, I learn: present tense. "Hamlet struggles with indecision." Not struggled. OK. For history, past tense. "The war began in 1914." OK. For science, my TA says: methods = past, conclusions = present. "We measured... This suggests..."

But when I write, my brain... it is mixing everything. Past, present, future—all together in one paragraph. My friend says: "Choose one and stick." But WHICH ONE? 😫

Please tell me: is there a simple rule for tenses in essays? I need help. 🙏🙏🙏
 
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I had the same problem. My rule: if the thing happened at a specific time in the past and is over, use past tense. "The battle occurred in 1942." If the thing is still happening or is generally true, use present. "Historians debate the cause." "The evidence suggests." For literature, the book is still there, so present tense. "The author argues." Your brain will get it. Just practice. Read essays and notice the tenses.
 
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